Benedict XVI: his theological significance

We will always remember the pope Benedict XVIThe Bishop of the Philippines, who died on Saturday, December 31, 2022, for encouraging all the Catholic faithful to seek, know and love Jesus Christ; for teaching us how to behave and live as Christians in a pagan society, with the optimism and vigor that comes from the hope of spreading the Gospel, motivating us to transform it from within.

A brief profile of Benedict XVI

The pontificate of Benedict XVI lasted only a few years. eight yearsNevertheless, he has been transcendental in the history of the Church for his reflections on faith and doctrine. Faithful to his motto, "collaborator of the truth", the intellectual impulse to the dialogue between faith and reason, and the fight against abuses and division in the Church were the standards of his pontificate.

He always had a clear and fraternal stance with all persons and theological positions that deviated from the truths of faith of the Church.

On the other hand, Benedict XVI considered that it was necessary to act in favor of a just order in society, and that the common good should be promoted through economic, social, legislative, administrative and cultural action. His three encyclicals are the culmination of his great theological work in response to the problems of today's world.

Some milestones in his life

  • June 29, 1951: Joseph Ratzinger was ordained priest with his brother Georg in Freising Cathedral.
  • In 1953: D. in Theology with the dissertation People and House of God in the Doctrine of the Church of St. Augustine.
  • March 24, 1977: appointed him Archbishop of Munich and Freising. Joseph Ratzinger, not yet 50 years old when he was appointed archbishop, was already a well-known and respected theologian. That appointment gave an unexpected turn to his life. He was a student, researcher and teacher of theology. He accepted government positions out of obedience and service to the Church. The same year the Pope also created him a cardinal.
  • April 19, 2005: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger was elected as the successor of Peter and presented to the world as Pope Benedict XVI at 78 years of age. In his first words he remembered St. John Paul II and defined himself as a "simple and humble worker in the vineyard of the Lord". Following the example of his predecessor, he visited 24 countries.
  • December 25, 2005: Publishes his first encyclical Deus caritas est dedicated to the love of God. As Pope he continually speaks of the "joy of being a Christian".
  • November 30, 2007: Publishes the encyclical Spe Salvi where he deals with the theme of hope. He also published the first part of his work Jesus of Nazareth, a great theological and pastoral work, which he finished publishing in 2012.
  • June 29, 2009: Publishes his latest encyclical Caritas in veritate on social justice in the 21st century. It was in the latter that he criticized consumerism and also the current economic system completely removed from the common good.
  • February 11, 2013:  He announced his resignation from the pontificate, generating a cultural and theological revolution, which will shape his great legacy to the history of the Church, and will definitively mark the way in which popes will have to conceive their pontificates.
  • December 31, 2023: Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI dies in Rome at the age of 95. With him disappears the last of the pontiffs personally involved in the work of the Vatican Council II.

"For me there is no lack of personal, fraternal and affectionate encounters with the Pope Emeritus. But this occasion is important to reaffirm that the contribution of his theological work and, in general, of his thought continues to be fruitful and active, not directed to the past, but fruitful for the future, for the application of the Council and for the dialogue between the Church and the world of today.

These contributions offer us a solid theological basis for the Church's journey: a 'living' Church, which he taught us to see and live as communion, and which is in movement - in 'synods' - guided by the Spirit of the Lord, always open to the mission of announcing the Gospel and serving the world in which it lives".

Pope Francis, during the award ceremony of the Ratzinger Prize 2022.

Benedict XVI: a great theologian pope

The contribution of Benedict XVI's work and theological thought to Christianity and humanity is already prolific and effective today. One of his concerns was to respond to current problems through reflection and interpretation of the Holy Scriptures.

Joseph Ratzinger worked closely for many years with St. John Paul II, who appointed him to the position of prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in November 1981, where he became known as a theologian, inspiring the Church for 31 years.

He was a direct witness of the post-conciliar crisis, of the questioning of the essential truths of the faith and of the experimentation in the liturgical field. Already in 1966, one year after the end of the Vatican Council II, said he saw the advance of a "cut-price Christianity".

Thus, the theologian pope was able to express with great argumentative force and, at the same time, with great spiritual unction what constitutes the heart of the Christian faith and the mission of the Church. In the face of ecclesiastical scandals, Benedict XVI called for conversion, penance and humility.

In September 2011, he invited the Church to be less worldly: "historical examples show that the missionary witness of the Church detached from the world is clearer. Freed from material and political burdens and privileges, the Church can dedicate herself better and in a truly Christian way to the whole world; she can be truly open to the world...".

Jesus Christ: the central core of Joseph Ratzinger's theology

His legacy as a theologian and pastor, the main elements of which it is good to remember at this time and where the work of a lifetime comes together, focuses on the figure of Christ.

Jesus Christ present in scripture and in the liturgy, and his relationship with the Church and with Mariais the central core of his theology. In Jesus Christ, God himself has made himself visible and has shown mankind his saving Love.

Pointing out that this revelation of God is not a simple fact of the past, but a divine force of today and for the future, accessible in the Church of the saints, empowered as witnesses of the resurrection through the Holy Spirit.

Among the theological and ontological pillars of her thought is also the person, and the meaning that love, truth, beauty and hope have for her, themes that are reflected in her encyclicals.

For the proclamation of the Christian message, Benedict XVI insisted on both faith and reason; and from the relationship between the two we can deduce his conception of theology, catechesis and preaching. Finally, with regard to mission, his affirmations on ministry and preaching are interesting. Eucharist (with important implications for ecumenical theology), creation, religions and the relationship of the Church.

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Benedict XVI: humility and service to the Church

Benedict XVI was one of the great theologians of the 20th and 21st centuries; an intellectual who sought throughout his life, through the study of theology, research and teaching, the face of God. At the same time, he was a simple man, very cordial and gentle, even shy, who placed his life at the total disposal and service of the Church.

When in 2005 he was elected Pope with the name Benedict XVI, he commented in an interview that during the conclave he prayed "to the Lord to elect someone stronger than me, but in that prayer He evidently did not listen to me". The name was not by chance, he chose it in honor of Benedict XV and Benedict of Nursia, the Pope of Peace and the initiator of monastic life in the West, respectively.

Resignation from the pontificate

One of the most surprising and humbling actions of Benedict XVI, as well as a demonstration of his courage, was the fact of his resignation as Pope. It was a historic event in the life of the Church. Only in 1294, seven hundred years earlier, Celestine V had resigned the papacy. The reality is that until that time no one thought that the bishop of Rome had an age limit. Pope Benedict XVI broke a millenary tradition and did so in a thoughtful and reasoned manner.

It is for all these reasons that the figure of Benedict XVI, as pope, theologian, formerly prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, is and will be of special transcendence for the history of the Church. He notoriously influenced Francis I, and will also influence subsequent papacies. His interpretative contributions to the Second Vatican Council have defined some of the lines of the Catholic Church, as have the dozens of works of extraordinary theological and metaphysical value that he wrote. His legacy will remain beyond and will reach heights that are now difficult to value in their just measure.

Bibliography:

- Joseph Ratzinger - Benedict XVI. A life in the continuity of thought and faith, Hansjürgen Verweyen.
- Pope theologian, Jean-Heiner Tück.
- The Theology of Joseph Ratzinger, White Fr.

New Year's Eve and New Year's Day: celebrate like a Christian

As Catholics, celebrating New Year's Eve and New Year's Eve is much more than celebrating with the traditions of each locality or country: it is recognizing God's presence in the time we live in and in our own personal history. What does this celebration mean from a Christian perspective?

The arrival of the New Year is not just an excuse for parties and good resolutions, it is a perfect opportunity for Catholics, and for all Christians, to live it with a deep sense of faith!

What do we celebrate on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day?

Pope Francis invited us to live gratitude as a way of life and not just on the last day of the calendar and the first day of the next: «Gratitude is a powerful weapon. Only those who know how to give thanks to God can also radiate hope".

As the year draws to a close, we can look back and recognize God's hand in every moment, even in the difficulties that we all experience without exception. Every joy and every trial has been an opportunity to grow in faith and holiness.

A good exercise can be to spend a few minutes before midnight writing a list of the blessings we have received during the year that is ending.

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Tip: participates in the Mass of thanksgiving on December 31st. It is a beautiful tradition that helps us to close the year praising the Lord for all that we have lived and to start the New Year with the illusion of counting on his support.

New Year: it begins and begins again

St. Josemaría encouraged us to begin and begin again with hope and without fear, because God is our Father and we are his children. The New Year reminds us that God always gives us a new opportunity to draw closer to him. No matter how many times we have fallen or failed in our resolutions, the important thing is to get up and walk with confidence.

???? Purpose: Rather than superficial goals, such as going to the gym or eating healthier, ask God what He expects of you this year. How can you grow in holinessHow can you best serve others?

Prayer: World Day of Peace

On January 1, the Church celebrates the World Peace Dayinstituted by St. Paul VI. It is a reminder that peace must begin in our hearts and then spread to our families, communities and the whole world.

St. Francis of Assisi said: "Lord, make me an instrument of your peace, where there is hatred I will bring your love. Where there is injury, your forgiveness Lord. Where there is doubt, faith in you". A whole life plan and New Year's resolution.

???? Reflection: this New Year's Eve and New Year, ask God to make you a peacemaker, someone who forgives, listens and seeks reconciliation in everything and with everyone.

Offering the New Year to Mary, Mother of God

On January 1, we also celebrate the Solemnity of St. Mary, Mother of God. As our spiritual Mother, she accompanies us every step of the way. It is the perfect time to consecrate the coming year to her maternal protection.

???? Tip: reads a Rosario in the family or dedicate a special prayer asking for his intercession.

How to live these holidays in a Christian way?

1️⃣ Live the celebrations with joy, not excess. Celebrate in moderation and take time to share with your loved ones, remembering that Christ is the center of everything and everyone.

2️⃣ Make an examination of conscience before the end of the year. Reflect on your actions, ask forgiveness for your failures and propose to improve. And take the opportunity as soon as you can to make a good Confession.

3️⃣ Prepare a list of spiritual resolutions: Read more BibleWe need to be more generous with our time, which is what costs the most and has the most value.

4️⃣ Dedicate some time to silence and prayer. The hustle and bustle of New Year's Eve can be distracting, but giving yourself a few minutes of recollection will help you start the year with serenity and peace.

New year, new life

St. Josemaría said in a letter of December 1970: "You know that the Father opens his heart to you with sincerity. I don't believe in that saying: new year, new life. In twenty-four hours nothing changes. Only the Lord, with his grace, can convert Saul in a moment, from persecutor of the Christians to Apostle".

And at Christmas 1972 he added: "Therefore, this year especially is a time of thanksgiving, and so I have pointed it out to my daughters and sons, with words taken from the liturgy: "...".Ut in gratiarum semper actione maneamus!".

May we always be in a continual thanksgiving to God for all thingsFor what seems good and for what seems bad, for what is sweet and for what is bitter, for what is black and for what is white, for what is small and for what is large, for what is little and for what is much, for what is temporary and for what is eternal. Let us thank Our Lord for all that has happened this year, and also in a certain way for our infidelities, because we have recognized them and they have led us to ask his forgiveness, and to concretize the resolution - which will bring much good for our souls - never to be unfaithful again".

Happy New Year's Eve and blessed New Year!

May each chime be an act of gratitude and hope, and may Christ be our light in this new beginning of the year.

The Christian family: concept and importance

The Church celebrates five years since the publication of the Apostolic Exhortation Amoris Laetitia on the beauty and joy of family love. On the same day Pope Francis will inaugurate the year dedicated to her, which will end on June 26, 2022, on the occasion of the 10th World Meeting in Rome with the Holy Father.

The first of all

Both the great human offspringand each of the familias who were to compose it, is one of the natural instruments willed by God to cooperate in his creative mission.

God's will to count on the family in his saving plan will be confirmed with the fulfillment of the divine plan. When Jesus is born, in Nazareth, of Mary, by the work of the Holy Spirit. And God provides for his Son a family, with an adoptive father, Joseph, and with Mary, the virginal Mother. The Lord wanted that, also in this, the way in which He wishes to see His children born and grow up, the human beings, be reflected:.

"What does the simple and admirable life of the Holy Family teach us?" To this question suggested by St. Josemaría, we can answer with words from the Catechism, pointing out that the Christian family, in the image of Jesus' family, is also a domestic church. because it manifests the united and familial nature of the Church as the family of God.

That of Nazareth is the model in which all those of the world can find their solid point of reference. and a strong inspiration says Pope Francis

The importance 

Every family has a sacred entityand deserves the veneration and solicitude of its members, of civil society and of the Church. Both by its natural and supernatural mission, by its origin, by its nature and by its end, the dignity of the Christian family is great.

The home must be the first and foremost school where children learn and live human and Christian virtues. The good example of parents, siblings and other components is reflected in the configuration of the social relationships that each of the members establishes. The family reality establishes rights and duties.

At the time of the life of society, it is particularly urgent to reinstilling a sense of Christianity or in the heart of so many homes. The task is not a simple one, but it is an exciting one. To contribute to this immense task, which is identified with that of giving a Christian tone to society, each one of us must begin by "sweeping" our own house.

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Amoris laetitia is the second post-synodal apostolic exhortation of Pope Francis, signed on March 19, 2016 and made public on April 8 of the same year.

The year of Amoris Laetitia

This is why Pope Francis has launched this initiative, which aims to reach every home in the world through different proposals. It arises from the experience of the pandemic. It has highlighted the central role of the Christian home as a domestic Church and the importance of the community bonds between them, which make the Church a "family of families". AL 87.

Bishops' Conferences, Dioceses, Parishes, Ecclesial Movements, Family Associations, but especially Christian families from all over the world are invited to participate and are the protagonists with new proposals.

The Pope also recalled that, in imitation of the Holy Family, "we are called to rediscover the educational value of the family nucleus, which must be based on love that always regenerates relationships, opening horizons of hope.".

This feast "presents us with the ideal of conjugal and family love, as was emphasized in the Apostolic Exhortation Amoris laetitia".

Amoris Laetitia summary

  1. "To make you experience that the Gospel is joy that fills the heart and the whole of life" (AL 200). A family that discovers and experiences the joy of having a gift and being in turn a gift for the Church and society, "can become a light in the darkness of the world" (AL 66). And today's world needs this light!
  2. Announce that the sacrament of marriage is a gift and has in itself a transforming force of human love. For this, it is necessary that pastors and families walk together in a pastoral co-responsibility and complementarity among the different vocations in the Church (cf. AL 203).
  3. Make families the protagonists of pastoral care. This requires "an evangelizing and catechetical effort aimed at them" (AL 200), since a Christian family also becomes a missionary family.
  4. Raising awareness among young people of the importance of formation in the truth of love and self-giving, with initiatives dedicated to them.
  5. Broadening the outlook and action of the pastoral ministry to become transversal, to include spouses, children, young people, the elderly and situations of family fragility.

"Christian family life is a vocation and a path to holiness, an expression of the 'most beautiful face of the Church' (Gaudete et exsultate 9)."

 

The Pope recalls the importance of making peace. On the feast of the Holy Family, Pope Francis invites us to follow the model of Nazareth and gives some advice for a healthy environment: "if you argue, make peace the same day, the cold war the next day is very dangerous".

Recommendation for living 

The Pontiff has recommended a series of actions so that the family can experience a sincere communion and live deeply this year Amoris Laetitia

  • Maintain "deep and pure affections".
  • To prevail "forgiveness over discord". Never end the day without making peace
  • May "the daily hardness of life be softened by mutual tenderness and by serene adherence to the will of God".

In this way, Francisco pointed out, "the family is open to the joy that God gives to all those who know how to give with joy"But she also "finds the spiritual energy to open herself to the outside world, to others, to the service of her brothers and sisters, to collaboration in the construction of an ever new and better world; capable, therefore, of being the bearer of positive stimuli; evangelizing by the example of her life".

He also restated the three words that must always prevail: permission, thanks and apology. "Permission not to be invasive in the lives of others, then thanks, thanks for all the help and services we provide; thanks always, but gratitude is the blood of the noble soul, and then the most difficult to pronounce: apology". Because, as the Pope said: "we always do ugly things and someone can feel offended".

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Bibliography:

Christmas in 4 war-torn countries

Christmas is a time of love, renewal and peace. However, for millions of people living in countries devastated by wars and armed conflicts, these dates represent an additional challenge to believe in peace.

In places like Ukraine, Israel, Lebanon or Nigeria, Christmas traditions coexist with pain, uncertainty and the search for consolation. The work of diocesan or missionary priests becomes crucial in these contexts, offering a light of hope.

The CARF Foundation supports the integral formation of these priests, providing them with the necessary resources to serve in the future even in the most adverse conditions.

Christmas in Ukraine: a call of faith in the cold weather

In Ukraine, Christmas comes in the midst of a war that has displaced millions of people. Families, scarred by conflict, gather underground in shelters or in partially destroyed churches to celebrate the birth of Christ. Despite the peaceless circumstances, faith continues to be a source of strength and hope.

The Father Roman Ostrovskyy, vice-rector of the Greek Catholic seminary in KievHe firmly stated: "Faith helps us to carry on in the worst days," underlining how spirituality sustains Ukrainian Christians during these times of adversity (Vatican News).

The Church in Ukraine has not only been a physical, but also a spiritual refuge. In parishes, priests not only distribute food and clothing to those affected, but above all, they offer words of comfort and celebrate Mass that renews the hope of their communities. Their work not only sustains exhausted bodies, but also dejected souls.

Christmas traditions under fire in Israel and Syria

Holy LandThe birthplace of Christianity is facing a Christmas marked by war tensions. In Gaza, Christians are a minority struggling to maintain their traditions. Churches organize vigils with scarce resources, and nativity scenes are often made of recycled materials due to scarcity.

"Despite all this great violence, we must not forget that the message of Christmas remains, perhaps at this moment even more important than ever. God becomes flesh out of love and communicates to us a new way of being in the world, which is that of giving one's life out of love, for others." (Cardinal Pizzaballa, Christmas message 2023).

In Israel, pilgrims are decreasing due to conflicts. However, the celebrations in Bethlehem, such as the Midnight Masscontinue to be a symbol of unity and perseverance. Training priests who can lead these celebrations in the midst of adversity is a mission in which the CARF Foundation plays a fundamental role.

In Gaza, Christian families decorate small trees and attend Mass in churches surrounded by soldiers. As St. Josemaría said, "as long as I have breath left, I will not cease to preach the primordial need to be a soul of prayer, always, on every occasion and in every way. in the most disparate circumstances, because God never abandons us. It is not Christian to think of divine friendship exclusively as an extreme resource." (Friends of God, 242).

Nigeria | Don Bosco Vocational Training Centre | Source: Manos Unidas.

The struggle for peace in Nigeria

Nigeria, a country plagued by religious conflict, always experiences a Christmas full of contrasts and resilience. In the north of the country, where attacks by extremist groups such as Boko Haram have forced the displacement of entire communities, churches are transformed into strongholds of faith. Despite threats and strict security measures, Christians attend Mass with an unwavering spirit, keeping their Christmas traditions alive.

Forgiveness and prayer are their weapons against hatred. Priests in the major conflict zone organize nightly vigils so that families can gather together in prayer in an environment of relative safety. These meetings not only offer a space to worship, but also a moment of comfort and hope in the midst of adversity.

Christmas in Nigeria is not only a time for celebration, but also for reaffirming faith and unity in a society deeply wounded by war. Christian communities demonstrate that the light of Christ's birth can shine even in the darkest placesbringing comfort and strength to those who need peace the most.

Photograph by khalid kwaik at Unsplash.

Christmas in Lebanon: hope amidst the rubble

Lebanon, a country deeply affected by the economic crisis and the aftermath of tragic explosions, celebrates Christmas with humility and patience. Many families decorate makeshift trees with recycled materials and prepare dinners with what little they have at their disposal, demonstrating that the true Christmas spirit transcends material adversity.

In Beirut, churches play a crucial role, organizing concerts, vigils and community activities that recall the profound meaning of these dates. "In the midst of suffering, Christmas invites us to be a light for others," said Pope Francis during his December 25, 2020 message at St. Peter's Basilica, referring to the call to open our hearts to those most in need.

Diocesan priests in Lebanon are active witnesses of this hope. Through their daily actions, they offer spiritual and material support, bringing a message of comfort and faith to communities facing uncertainty and need. Their work reinforces the importance of seeing Christ in others.

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The integrating role of the CARF Foundation

In contexts such as these, the role of priests is fundamental. They not only preside at liturgical celebrations, but also provide emotional and spiritual support. The mission of the CARF Foundation is the integral formation of seminarians and diocesan priests.ensuring that they are prepared to serve in the most adverse conditions.

Each donation to the CARF Foundation contributes directly to covering the costs of this integral formation of underprivileged diocesan priests around the world. Thanks to this work, it is possible to bring Jesus' message of peace and hope to even the most war-torn areas.

How can we help countries at war?

Christmas, even in places saddened by the scourge of war, remains a beacon of hope. In countries at war, Christian communities find comfort in their faith, led by committed priests facing unimaginable challenges.

The CARF Foundation invites you to be part of this mission, helping to form those who bring the peace of Christ to the world. Your support can make a difference. The joy of man is in giving, not in receiving and this is the spirit of Christmas, a spirit that allows us to share with those who need it most.

The Meaning of Christmas: December 25

All these feelings will be real if we allow the Child Jesus to be born in our hearts and enlighten them. Because, as Benedict XVI said, "if we do not recognize that God became man, what is the point of celebrating Christmas? The celebration is empty.

Today we Christians are surrounded by a celebration that is often empty and consumerist, very different from the Catholic Christmas where we commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, who "for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven, and by the power of the Holy Spirit was incarnated of Mary the Virgin and became man" (Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed). Every year, the Church prepares for Christmas with the liturgical season of Advent, which lasts four weeks.

What is it and what is the meaning of Christmas?

With the meaning of the Catholic Christmas, the way of worshipping God has changed. The Christian goes from praying looking at the sky, to turn his eyes to the earth to notice the fragility of a little child sleeping in the straw of a manger. The infinite greatness of God becomes the fragility of a newborn child. Suddenly, two concepts such as divinity and childhood, until then very distant, are united in one person and in the same direction. The sense of Christmas is the revelation of the simplest, which tests the wisdom of the wise and learned.

Shepherds were the first to adore the Child in the manger; and they did so because they understood that an Infant God embraces their simplicity and their simplicity. Their faith has dreamed of a God like this one who lives among their flocks, who is one among them, suffering their same needs.

And, as they approach the cave, they discover that this God made child takes refuge in the lap of his Mother. It is this bond between the Child and the Mother that completes the mystery of the Christian Christmas. Because God ceases to be an abstract and distant being, to become a helpless, human God, who takes refuge in a Mother, advocate in our relationship with Him.

If we strip it of this original meaning, the meaning of Christmas ceases to have an authentic Christian imprint.

"Above all," he stressed, "we Christians must reaffirm with deep and heartfelt conviction the truth of Christ's Nativity in order to bear witness above all to the awareness of a free gift that is wealth not only for us, but for everyone. Benedict XVI.

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The Christmas tree in the Catholic tradition

The first feature of the Christmas tree is its ability to keep the leaves alive in winter that is why spruce or pine trees are used. "It was a symbol of eternity and the life of God that never passes away. Therefore, applying it to the life of God that never passes, applying it to the Son of God who comes with us at Christmas gives it that sense also of God who makes himself present in the midst of humanity," says D. Bernardo Estrada, Professor at the PUSC.

The first traces of tree decorations take us back to Germany where fruit was hung on the tree, reminiscent of the tree of life in paradise. Today, the Christmas tree is more than a decoration, it is a sign of joy for everyone.

In the words of St. John Paul II: "in winter, the evergreen fir tree becomes a sign of life that does not die [...] The message of the Christmas tree is, therefore, that life is 'evergreen' if it becomes a gift, not so much of material things, but of itself: in friendship and sincere affection, in fraternal help and forgiveness, in shared time and mutual listening".

"The Christmas tree and the gifts proper to these dates are a way of remembering that from the tree of the Cross come all good things... This is why the tradition of putting Christmas gifts for children under the tree has a Christian meaning: in the face of a consumerist culture that tends to ignore the Christian symbols of the Christmas holidays, let us prepare to celebrate the birth of the Savior with joy, transmitting to the new generations the values of the traditions that are part of the heritage of our faith and culture.". Benedict XVI.

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How to celebrate Catholic Christmas

Pope Francis recommends that to live the true meaning of the Christian Christmas, the first thing to do is to make room for the Child to be born. Some practical advice from the Holy Father is:

Play the nativity scene and explain it to the children, and pray there, reliving the scene. Make room in our hearts and in our days for the Lord. Let it be a feast of joy, of welcoming the Lord in the manger and in our hearts. Attend the Holy Mass. Receive the sacrament of Confession.

"Every Christian familyAs Mary and Joseph did, she can receive Jesus, listen to Him, talk to Him, be with Him, protect Him, grow with Him, and thus improve the world. Let us make room in our hearts and in our days for the Lord". Pope Francis.

2. Christmas should not be a celebration of excessive consumerism: give to those in need. Also to give time and affection to the family and to those close to us.

"May Holy Christmas never be a feast of commercial consumerism, of appearance, of useless gifts, or of superfluous waste, but may it be a feast of joy, of welcoming the Lord in the manger and in the heart." Pope Francis.

3. The meaning of Christmas is the feast of the poverty of God who emptied himself by taking the nature of a slave.

"This is the true Christmas: the feast of the poverty of God who emptied himself by taking the nature of a slave; of God who serves at the table; of God who hides himself from the intellectual and wise and who reveals himself to the small, simple and poor." Pope Francis.

Bibliography

Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Josemaría: filial love

The Virgin of Guadalupe She is one of the greatest treasures of our Catholic faith in Latin America. Her figure transcends time as a symbol of comfort, hope, and cultural unity. Her image, miraculously imprinted on Saint Juan Diego's cloak in 1531, holds mysteries that continue to fascinate believers and scientists alike.

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But before discovering the mysteries contained within the Juan Diego's cloak, we return to the 20th century to recall that, in May 1970, St. Josemaría Escrivá traveled to Mexico with a fervent desire: praying before the Virgin of Guadalupe in the old Basilica.

«I have come to see the Virgin of Guadalupe, and to see you as well,» she announced to her children in her first greetings. The deep devotion of St. Josemaría led him to spend hours in prayer before "la Morenita del Tepeyac," to whom he addressed words full of love:

"I offer you a future of love, with many souls..... Waves of souls, all over the world and at all times, determined to give themselves to your Son and to the service of others."

St. Josemaría and Our Lady of Guadalupe: a filial yearning

During his visit, he prayed for the Church, the Pope and Opus Dei with great and filial confidence. In a conversation with Cardinal Miguel Dario Miranda, he had even humorously expressed his desire: "when I am in front of her, they won't even take me out of the sanctuary with a crane".

Recalling the circumstances of that outburst of filial affection for Our Lady, Msgr. Javier Echevarría -who accompanied him on the trip, wrote twenty-five years later: "I would dare to assure him - I heard him say it on several occasions - that Our Lady forced him to undertake that penitential pilgrimage, because she wanted him to ask her intercession there, at the feet of that brown image, in favor of the world, of the Church, and of this small portion of the Church, which is Opus Dei.

Escrivá had a deep affection for the Guadalupana, reflected even in the details of his daily life. In his office in Rome always had a picture of her, witness to his countless prayers.

The impact of his devotion to Our Lady of Guadalupe was also reflected in the encounters he had with thousands of people during his stay in Mexico. In his catecheses, he transmitted his love for Our Lady and encouraged all her sons and daughters and the faithful to approach her with trust and generosity. This teaching continues to inspire members of Opus Dei and all those who seek to follow the path of holiness in daily life. daily life.

St. Josemaría did not promote an exclusive devotion to a particular Marian devotion, but he recognized in Our Lady of Guadalupe a special model of tenderness and divine closeness. He called it the Seat of Wisdom and our Hope.invoking her with confidence to ask for her intercession on behalf of all God's children.

St. Josemaría's relationship with our Lady of Guadalupe continues to be a source of inspiration. His filial trust and love for the Mother of God remind us that Mary is always ready to receive our petitions and to accompany us on our journey towards Christ.

Today, her example encourages us to pray with faith and to trust fully in Our Lady's maternal protection. ???????? But now let us enter into the mysteries of a miraculous tilma.

What is a tilma?

To understand the magnitude of the miracle of Guadalupe, it is important to know what a tilma is. It is a a mantle used by Mesoamerican Indians, made of maguey fiber.. This material, although resistant for daily work, has a limited useful life, generally not exceeding 20 years.

The tilmas were simple garments, used as a coat or to carry food. It is in this context that the story of the Virgin of Guadalupe begins, for it was in the tilma of a humble Indian, Juan Diego, that an image that defies all human explanation was captured.

The history of the Virgin of Guadalupe

In December 1531, just 10 years after the conquest of Mexico, an indigenous convert to Christianity named Juan Diego was on his way to Tepeyac to attend the Mass. On that hill, the Virgin Mary appeared to him for the first time, asking him to go to Bishop Zumárraga and request the construction of a temple in that place.

As expected, the bishop asked for proof of the apparitions. In response, in her last apparition, on December 12, at the top of the hill, where only plants especially resistant to inclement weather grew, the Virgin asked Juan Diego to pick the roses in bloom that she found there, in the middle of winter.

Juan Diego obeyed and, when he unfolded his tilma in front of the bishop, not only did the flowers fall, but an image of the Virgin Mary appeared drawn on the maguey fabric. This miracle marked the beginning of the Guadalupana devotion.

Seven mysteries of the tilma

The tilma of Juan Diego is not only a miraculous canvas; it is an enigma that has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. These are some of the mysteries that surround it:

1. Inexplicable durabilityDespite being made of maguey fiber, which should have disintegrated centuries ago, the tilma remains intact after almost 500 years. This defies natural laws and has been considered a miracle by the faithful, and an inexplicable fact by the scientific community that has studied the canvas.

2. The unknown origin of colorsThe pigments in the image do not correspond to any known pictorial technique. Scientists have confirmed that they are not of vegetable, animal or mineral origin, and no brush strokes are found.

3. Eye reflectionsThe Virgin's eyes, when enlarged, show tiny reflections that correspond to human figures, including Juan Diego and Bishop Zumárraga.

This detail, discovered with modern technology, is astonishing for its precision in the small space of the corneas. Through the process of digitizing computer images, the reflection of thirteen people in the eyes of the Virgin Mary was discovered according to the Purkinje-Samson laws.

The very small diameter of the corneas (7 and 8 mm) rules out the possibility of painting the figures on their eyes, especially considering the crude material on which the image is printed.

4. Stars on the mantleThe Virgin's mantle shows a star pattern that coincides with the constellations visible in the Mexican sky on December 12, 1531, the day of the last apparition.

5. Constant temperatureThe tilma maintains a constant temperature of 36.6º Celsius, similar to that of a living human body.

6. Resistance to damageIn 1921, an attack with dynamite near the tilma destroyed the altar, but the image remained completely intact and undamaged.

7. Cultural symbolismThe Virgin combines indigenous and Christian elements. For example, her dress has floral patterns representing mountains sacred to the Mexica, and her posture indicates humility and prayer, common in Catholic iconography. The features of her face are indigenous and she spoke to Juan Diego in her native dialect.

Tilma Virgen de Guadalupe
Tilma Virgin of Guadalupe.

Today, this miraculous tilma is in the Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City, exposed for millions of pilgrims who come to contemplate it every year, especially during its feast day on December 12.

Our Lady of Guadalupe, Mother of America

In his homily of December 12, 1981, St. John Paul II emphasized the importance of the Virgin of Guadalupe in the cultural and religious identity of Mexico and Latin America, referring to her as a symbol of unity and evangelization, and also as fertile ground for the priestly vocations.

The Virgin of Guadalupe, as patroness of America, continues to encourage young people to respond courageously to Her call, offering them her maternal protection and constant intercession. Saint Juan Diego, canonized in 2002 and chosen as the messenger of this miracle, is an example of humility and service. His simple life reminds us that God works wonders through willing hearts.

As St. Josemaría teaches us, "To Jesus one always goes and returns through Mary". The Virgin Mary intercedes for each one of us.. His love and guidance strengthen priests in their mission to evangelize and serve. serve.

Mary always guides her children to Jesus, and especially those whom He calls to the priesthood. Her message of love and service, which transformed history in 1531, continues to be a source of strength for those who discern their vocation. Our Lady invites these young people to be a bridge between God and His people, just as St. Juan Diego was.

A devotion that transcends the centuries

Every December 12, her feast day, millions of pilgrims flock to the Basilica of Guadalupe, considered one of the most visited shrines in the world. But beyond numbers, devotion to the Virgin of Guadalupe is a testimony to God's love. Her image was not only a gift to the newly evangelized indigenous people, but also a universal call to faith and reconciliation.

And we end with one of St. Josemaría's petitions on the last day of his novena: "Lady, I surrender myself, I surrender myself totally: I no longer ask! I love the Will of your Son! We abandon ourselves, we rest, we love and accept his designs, fully accepting God's Will.

We know, Our Mother, that You will give us the means to carry on this path of charity and love, and to spread it throughout the world. (...)».