{"id":200442,"date":"2025-03-10T06:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.fundacioncarf.org\/?p=200442"},"modified":"2025-03-04T11:56:10","modified_gmt":"2025-03-04T10:56:10","slug":"san-juan-pablo-vida-y-legado-del-papa-polaco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/san-juan-pablo-vida-y-legado-del-papa-polaco\/","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi."},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Karol Wojty\u0142a, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung. Sinh ra t\u1ea1i Wadowice, Ba Lan, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1920, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1978 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2005, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1edf Ba Lan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1edf Wadowice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u0129 quan trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Ba Lan v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 hun \u0111\u00fac trong \u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n c\u00f9 v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a m\u1eb9 \u00f4ng khi \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u1eabn h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u01a1 ca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"san<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Wadowice. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i tham d\u1ef1 nh\u00e0 th\u1edd \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u00e0i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ba Lan, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi cha m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0i t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ba Lan, gi\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00f4ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng linh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ee9c tin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi Karol Wojty\u0142a b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ed5i thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean, l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. \u00d4ng theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o \u1edf Ba Lan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh linh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd vang v\u1ecdng su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"san<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u1ee9c linh m\u1ee5c<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Karol ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Jagiellonian \u1edf Krakow, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh ng\u1eef v\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho ph\u00e9p \u00f4ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u00ecnh y\u00eau d\u00e0nh cho v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ba Lan c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1939 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a... Karol Wojty\u0142a<\/a>. S\u1ef1 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o linh m\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gian kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec5 th\u1ee5 phong v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi linh m\u1ee5c<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Wojty\u0142a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 phong linh m\u1ee5c n\u0103m 1946 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Krak\u00f3w \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, Wojty\u0142a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Krak\u00f3w v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Krak\u00f3w \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0 duy th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Krakow<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Krakow, Wojty\u0142a \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i Ba Lan. \u00d4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a t\u0129nh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Ba Lan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wojty\u0142a n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho t\u1ef1 do \u1edf Ba Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Vatican II, di\u1ec5n ra t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1962 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1965, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Wojty\u0142a \u0111\u00e3 tham d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng tham gia C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chia r\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed3ng y Krakow<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1964, Wojty\u0142a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m h\u1ed3ng y, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong Vatican. Vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1edf Krak\u00f3w v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00e0o C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean cho ch\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n s\u1ebd theo \u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng n\u0103m 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Wojty\u0142a v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ee9c h\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i cam k\u1ebft v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 vang v\u1ecdng kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"juan<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng: m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i m\u1edbi cho Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00ear\u00f4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn Wojty\u0142a l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1978 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong h\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m vui tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ba Lan c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn t\u00f4ng du. \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 100 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, mang th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u1edf m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Redemptor Hominis, ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p Dives in Misericordia nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. Chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m Ba Lan n\u0103m 1979 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n then ch\u1ed1t, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng vang trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t phong tr\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Ba Lan n\u0103m 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c si\u00eau c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u0103m 1986, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i Assisi, \u00dd, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Khi \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u00eanh v\u1ef1c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng n\u0103m 1995 nh\u00e2n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u00f9ng nhau n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn quy t\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u thanh ni\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m hy v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Qua nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng phai trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"juan<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Phong th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong th\u00e1nh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2014, \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. L\u1ec5 phong th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn Rome \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec5 phong th\u00e1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, coi di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t xa sau th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00f4n vinh \u00f4ng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh ng\u00e0i. T\u1eeb c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y Gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, do ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n vun \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00f4ng, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n noi theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"san<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ee9c tin, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u \u1edf Wadowice \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vang v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 chia r\u1ebd, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00ec h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn h\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng hy v\u1ecdng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai noi theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/a> th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng khi n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u l\u00e0m Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho phong tr\u00e0o \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u1edf Ba Lan, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o v\u00ec c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n vinh danh \u00f4ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"san<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1lvaro del Portillo?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho Ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u00c1lvaro del Portillo th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y. Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt La M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1<\/em> , \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1985 b\u1edfi B\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh Josemar\u00eda Escriv\u00e1<\/strong> , Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Opus Dei mong mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c \u1edf Rome, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. \u00c1lvaro del Portillo<\/strong> , ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn vai tr\u00f2 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ai phong t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng cho PUSC?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, Trung t\u00e2m<\/em> n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh 
Athenaeum La M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1,<\/em> bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c Khoa Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc, Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, Lu\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o Cao c\u1ea5p Apollinare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1995, Th\u00e1nh\u00a0Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1eb7ng danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng. Ba n\u0103m sau (1998), v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp th\u00eam Khoa th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Khoa Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1996, tr\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh Gioan Phaol\u00f4 II, t\u00ean khai sinh l\u00e0 Karol Wojty\u0142a, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 vang v\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0ng Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Qu\u1ef9 CARF h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":200408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[183,120,210,10],"class_list":["post-200442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-papa","tag-sacerdote","tag-san-juan-pablo-ii","tag-vida-de-santos"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=200442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/200408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=200442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=200442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=200442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}