{"id":182992,"date":"2024-06-20T02:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.fundacioncarf.org\/tomas-moro-martir-de-la-individualidad\/"},"modified":"2026-06-19T13:15:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-19T11:15:08","slug":"tomas-moro-martir-de-la-individualidad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fundacioncarf.org\/vi\/tomas-moro-martir-de-la-individualidad\/","title":{"rendered":"Thomas More, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 6 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00f4n vinh h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0 \"m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u\" c\u00f2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5 k\u00ednh Thomas More<\/strong>, ch\u00fang ta g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng ai xem \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 Antonio R. Rubio Plo \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thomas More \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u danh tr\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u00e0 m\u00e0n \u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n vang v\u1ecdng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Robert Bolt: v\u1ecb t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i <\/em><\/strong>T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00ec Bolt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. Nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Moro de Bolt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng mang trong m\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang. V\u00ec c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, anh s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng cho mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1960, m\u1ed9t v\u1edf k\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u London trong m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i<\/em>, c\u1ee7a Robert Bolt<\/a>, b\u1ed9 phim n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng g\u00e2y s\u1ed1t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c r\u1ea1p chi\u1ebfu phim M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 phim gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i Oscar nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1966. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Robert-Bolt,<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong t\u1eb7ng danh hi\u1ec7u M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf,<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Erasmus de Rotterdam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Thomas More \u2013 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0\u00a0\u00abM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac nghi\u00eam t\u00fac l\u1eabn nh\u1eefng l\u00fac vui v\u1ebb, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu.\u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Robert Bolt\u00a0<\/strong>(1924\u20131995), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, theo h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ea1i Manchester v\u00e0 t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Devon. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y sau th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1t thanh v\u00e0 v\u1edf k\u1ecbch s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cho ba b\u1ed9 phim c\u1ee7a David Lean: *Lawrence of Arabia*, *Doctor Zhivago* v\u00e0 *Ryan\u2019s Daughter*. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. H\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m phi\u1ec1n ai \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Bolt d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb lu m\u1edd, do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc vinh quang cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0B\u1ed9 phim *The Mission* (1986) c\u1ee7a Roland Joff\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Robert Bolt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc \u1edf Devon, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ngh\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o sau khi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 \u201cLawrence c\u1ee7a \u1ea2 R\u1eadp\u201d, \u201cB\u00e1c s\u0129 Zhivago\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng nam di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean Paul Scofield kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 vai Moro. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y qu\u00e1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o vui t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 Ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n Anh. Th\u1ef1c ra, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch Bolt nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Moro. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o khai th\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u00fac \u00c2m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edch g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t \u0111i linh h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh (Mt 16,26), d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Bolt \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d b\u1eb1ng \u201cb\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c gh\u00ea t\u1edfm trong v\u1edf k\u1ecbch n\u00e0y \u2013 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Bolt c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Moro \u2013 th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Richard Rich, m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean tham v\u1ecdng lu\u00f4n l\u1ea3ng v\u1ea3ng quanh ng\u00e0i Ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n, mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng n\u00e0y ban cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5. Khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, anh ta gia nh\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Cromwell, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ban th\u01b0\u1edfng cho anh ta ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Moro trong phi\u00ean t\u00f2a x\u00e9t x\u1eed \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c xem \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa Rich v\u00e0 Moro \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edf k\u1ecbch. Rich \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, k\u00e8m theo nh\u00e0 \u1edf ri\u00eang v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 50 b\u1ea3ng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb, khao kh\u00e1t danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 vinh quang, l\u1ea1i coi l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Moro l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u1ee7a anh. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 sa v\u00e0o c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Moro mu\u1ed1n anh tr\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thomas More<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t khi Henry VIII quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Roma \u0111\u1ec3 ly d\u1ecb v\u1edbi Catherine c\u1ee7a Aragon. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c quan l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. Rubio Plo nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Bolt mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Wolsey, Cranmer, Cromwell v\u00e0 Norfolk nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 v\u00e0 tham nh\u0169ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Vua Henry VIII trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Bolt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 h\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 d\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m cho Moro nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a bi k\u1ecbch trong Thomas More<\/strong>: m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moro kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 t\u1eed v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o; th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee9u l\u1ea5y m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi va ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p thi\u00eang li\u00eang, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u: L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean d\u00e0nh cho Richard Rich<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc mang t\u00ednh ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1edf k\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Rubio Plo \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1eefa Thomas More<\/strong> v\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb Richard Rich. Rich l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, kh\u00e1t khao m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 danh ti\u1ebfng, ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tham lam \u0111\u00f3, Moro \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi anh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 trong m\u1eaft th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng: m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moro n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Rich r\u1eb1ng anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi than phi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e0ng trai r\u1eb1ng \"s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3\", Moro \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh anh, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a anh v\u00e0 Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft. L\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Rich l\u00e0 anh ta t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 \"t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng\" n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Moro, \u0111\u1ea9y \u00f4ng ta l\u00ean gi\u00e1 treo c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ma Morus, v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a Opus Dei v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh Josemar\u00eda<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 giao ph\u00f3 cho v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh (7 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1478 \u2013 6 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1535) vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c phi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch C\u00e1c v\u1ecb trung gian c\u1ea7u b\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Opus Dei<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh<\/a>, c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a Opus Dei v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Linh m\u1ee5c Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u00e1nh Thomas More, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh Thomas More \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7u b\u1ea7u cho Opus Dei, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd uy t\u00edn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh<\/a>. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong l\u00e0m th\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3: s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong th\u00e1nh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00e1 \u00edt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Th\u00e1nh Josemar\u00eda \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00edn h\u1eefu \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n trong Opus Dei ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1948 m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ba th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean si\u00eau s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn Th\u00e1nh Thomas More l\u00e0m v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u1ea7u b\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Antonio R. Rubio Plo<\/strong>, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p C\u1eed nh\u00e2n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. @blogculturayfe \/ @arubioplo<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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